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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Caspase 11 ： ウィキペディア英語版 Caspase 11 Murine caspase-11, and its human homologs caspase-4 and caspase-5, are mammalian intracellular receptor proteases activated by TLR4 and TLR3 signaling during the innate immune response. Caspase-11, also termed the non-canonical inflammasome, is activated by TLR3/TLR4-TRIF signaling and directly binds cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major structural element of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Activation of caspase-11 by LPS is known to cause the activation of other caspase proteins, leading to septic shock, pyroptosis, and often organismal death. ==History== LPS is a known activator of innate immune responses. Extracellular LPS binds specifically to the cell surface receptor TLR4. LPS binding to TLR4 subsequently causes initiation of the MyD88 and TRIF signaling pathways, leading to expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and cytokines. These inflammatory mediators cause host toxic shock and sepsis as a result of an overactive immune response to LPS. Until recently, TLR4 was considered the sole receptor for LPS. However, in 2013 it was shown that TLR4 knockout mice treated with the TLR3 ligand poly I:C still die of toxic shock induced by LPS treatment. Conversely, it was also found that poly I:C treated TLR4 and caspase-11 double knockout mice do not develop toxic shock in response to LPS. These results suggest that TLR4 is not the sole LPS receptor but that caspase-11 also responds to the presence of LPS. Caspase-11 was subsequently shown to be a cytosolic protein that responds solely to intracellular, cytosolic LPS. Though caspase-11 was thought to be activated only by TLR4, these experiments showed that it was in fact activated by TRIF signaling, mediated by both TLR4 and TLR3 stimulation. Caspase-11 can therefore mediate host LPS sensing even in the absence of TLR4, provided an alternative TRIF-dependent signal (e.g., by TLR3) is provided. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caspase 11」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.